ABSTRACT
Introduction: The policy of mortality decline of the population of Russia, pursued by the state, requires consideration of the regional peculiarities of mortality in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation by gender and age. The regional situation on male and female mortality also should be considered when developing the measures directed to prevent various diseases including infectious ones. In this regard, the studies of gender and age indicators of mortality during the periods of infectious pandemics become relevant. Objective: The analysis of gender and age rates of COVID-19 mortality in 2021 in order to substantiate the best management decisions in the sphere of the organization of medical care and statistical registration of lethal outcomes during the pandemic spread of dangerous viral infections. Material and methods: The main source of information on mortality in 2020 is data of the State Statistics of Mortality of Rosstat. The data on mortality in 2021 are presented in the records on death cases in Federal State Information System "Unified State Register of Registration of Acts of Current State”. To evaluate the obtained data, simple (unweighted) arithmetic mean values, specific indicators, a root mean square (standard) deviation of the mean values, coefficient of variation were used (a measure of the spread of attribute values – the ratio of a standard deviation to the arithmetic-mean). Results: In 2021 17.3% of total number of all deaths had COVID-19 as an initial cause of death. 248,134 cases of those were women (58.5%), 176,116 cases were men (41.5%). The mortality rate from COVID-19 increased by an average 1.7 times upon transition from one five-year-old age group to another, 85% of those who died from COVID-19 were aged 60 years and older. In 2021 the coronavirus infection of COVID-19 contributed significantly to female mortality more, than male mortality, which is inconsistent with the data on gender structure of COVID-19 mortality in other countries, as well as with the widespread belief that men are more vulnerable to this infection. Conclusions: Growth rates of COVID-19 mortality depending on age resembles the aging rate, reflecting the biological nature of mortality. Total excess mortality is the better basis for assessment of changes in the population health during pandemics, than mortality from COVID-19 alone. The organization of systematic checks of correctness of coding the causes of death at the state registration of death is necessary. © 2022 Scientific Research Institute — Ochapovsky Clinical Regional Hospital no. 1.
ABSTRACT
Introduction. One of the most significant issues that require close attention in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with coronovirus infection is the analysis of the nutritional status of patients and the development of approaches to nutritional support for patients. Aim of study. Analysis of nutritional status of patients infected with COVID-19 and studying the effectiveness of specialized products dietary therapeutic and preventive nutrition during illness and recovery period. Materials and methods. A survey of 283 patients with mild and moderate severity was conducted. The survey showed a significant change in eating behavior in patients during the disease. To assess the effectiveness of nutritional support during the disease and during the recovery period, 36 individuals took a specialized product of dietary therapeutic and preventive nutrition “Detoxifying Kissel” LEOVIT DETOX daily after the diagnosis of COVID-19, both throughout the entire period of the disease, and within 2 weeks after the disease and going to work. Results and discussion. The survey showed the presence of a significant range of eating disorders in patients with coronavirus disease. It was found that in 90% of the respondents during the day, the main meal was 3 or more times. During the disease, the number of main meals decreased in 40% of individuals, and only in 4% of patients this figure increased. When using nutritional support with dietary therapeutic and prophylactic foods during the disease, patients noted a significant decrease in weakness and fatigue, temperature fluctuations, fears, anxiety, suspiciousness and other symptoms began to disappear. The continuation of the intake in the post-ovoid period of the use of nutritional support with the dietary therapeutic and preventive food product “Detoxifying Kissel” LEOVIT DETOX, contributes to a faster recovery of patients. Conclusion. The use of the dietary therapeutic and preventive food product “Detoxifying Kissel” LEOVIT DETOX is an effective method of nutritional support both during the disease and in the post-ovoid period. Long-term use of detoxification products (at least 3–6 months) after the disease is recommended. © 2021, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.